Description: <span style="font-family:"Calibri Light", sans-serif; color:black; font-weight:bold;"></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light", sans-serif; color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:bold;"></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light", sans-serif; color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:bold;"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">Summary</span>: general information on the earthquake<div><span style="font-weight:bold;">Universal Time Coordinated</span>: UTC (DD/MM/YYYY, HH:MM AM/PM) <br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Name</span>: common name of the earthquake<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Region</span>: broad earthquake region<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Latitude DD</span>: epicenter Latitude (decimal degrees, WGS84)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Longitude DD</span>: epicenter Longitude (decimal degrees, WGS84)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Mw</span>: moment magnitude from literature<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Depth – km</span>: hypocenter depth from literature (km)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Depth uncertainty -/+ – km</span>: uncertainty on the estimated depth of the hypocenter from literature (km)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Kinematics</span>: normal, reverse, dextral strike-slip, sinistral strike-slip, oblique etc. generally from focal mechanisms<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Max Surface Rupture Length – SRL – km</span>: maximum length of the rupture, from this Database (km)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Notes for SRL</span>: information on the measure of the SRL, issues and assumptions<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Structural context</span>: regional tectonic setting<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">References</span>: source of the earthquake data<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Earthquake ID</span>: earthquake identifier<br /></div><div><br /><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light", sans-serif; color:rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight:bold;"></span></div>
Copyright Text: ------1915 AVEZZANO EARTHQUAKE:
Oddone E., 1915. Gli elementi fisici del grande terremoto marsicano-fucense del 13 gennaio 1915, Boll. Soc. Sism. It., 79, 71-275.
Serva L., et al., 1986. Gli effetti sul terreno del terremoto del Fucino (13 gennaio 1915); tentativo di interpretazione della evoluzione tettonica recente di alcune strutture, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 35, 893-907.
Blumetti A.M., et al., 1988. The ground effects of the Fucino earthquake, In book: "Historical seismicity of central-eastern mediterranean region", Proceedings of the 1987 ENEA-IAEA International Workshop, edited by Margottini C. & L. Serva, ENEA, Roma. (pp.297-320).
Ward S. and G. Valensise, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0790030690.
Galadini F. and P. Galli, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008149531980.
Galli P., et al., 2012. https://doi.10.4430/bgta0054.
------1980 IRPINIA EARTHQUAKE:
Westaway R. and J. Jackson, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1987.tb00733.x
Bernard P. and A. Zollo, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB02p01631
Westaway R., 1993. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4301
Amoruso A., et al., 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02652.x
Rovida A., et al., 2022. https://doi.org/10.13127/cpti/cpti15.4
------1997 UMBRIA-MARCHE EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE:
Cello G., et al., 1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350324
Cinti F.R., et al., 2000. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026575219394
Chiaraluce L., et al., 2003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002166
Cinti F.R., 2008. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4450
Rovida A. et al., 2022. https://doi.org/10.13127/cpti/cpti15.4
Description: <span style="font-weight:bold;">Observation type</span>: type of coseismic effect on the natural environment. "Panoramic view" when the point represents the location from where a panoramic photo is taken. "Dummy point" is an artefact to draw a rupture trace with no observation points. <br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Latitude DD</span>: point Latitude (decimal degrees, WGS84)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Longitude DD</span>: point Longitude (decimal degrees, WGS84)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Elevation – m a.s.l.</span>: altitude of the point (m a.s.l.)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Strike – deg</span>: direction of the rupture (degrees, right-hand rule)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Dip direction – deg</span>: along dip direction of the rupture (degrees)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Dip Angle – deg</span>: dip of plane (degrees); if not given, it is assumed 90° <br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Kinematics</span>: opening, normal, reverse, left lateral, right lateral, normal/left lateral etc.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Downthrown side</span>: cardinal direction of the downthrown side of the rupture<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Minimum vertical slip – m</span>: minimum vertical separation between hanging wall and footwall (m)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Maximum vertical slip – m</span>: maximum vertical separation between hanging wall and footwall (m)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Minimum opening – m</span>: minimum horizontal separation (opening) between the two sides of the rupture (m)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Maximum opening – m</span>: maximum horizontal separation (opening) between the two sides of the rupture (m)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Photo</span>: Yes/No<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Photo credits</span>: original file name: source and year of the images<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">References</span>: source of the data<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Notes</span>: additional information on the observation point<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Observation ID</span>: identification number of the observation point<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Earthquake ID</span>: point related earthquake identifier
Copyright Text: ------1915 AVEZZANO EARTHQUAKE: Blumetti A.M., et al., 1988. The ground effects of the Fucino earthquake, In book: "Historical seismicity of central-eastern mediterranean region", Proceedings of the 1987 ENEA-IAEA International Workshop, edited by Margottini C. & L. Serva, ENEA, Roma (297-320) Galadini F. and P. Galli, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008149531980 Galadini F. and P. Galli, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00091-8 Galli P., et al., 2012. https://doi.10.4430/bgta0054 Galli P., et al., 2016. https://doi: 10.1111/ter.12202 Giraudi C., 1988. https://www.aiqua.it/index.php/the-journal/il-quaternario-1988-2011/volume-1-2/910-evoluzione-geologica-della-piana-del-fucino-abruzzo-negli-ultimi-30-000-anni?category_access=1 Messina P., 1996. https://www.aiqua.it/index.php/the-journal/il-quaternario-1988-2011/volume-9-1/666-tettonica-mesopleistocenica-dei-terrazzi-nord-orientali-del-fucino-italia-centrale Michetti A.M., et al.,1996. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB02852 Oddone E., 1915. Gli elementi fisici del grande terremoto marsicano-fucense del 13 gennaio 1915, Boll. Soc. Sism. It., 79,71-275 Saroli M., et al., 2008. https://amq.aiqua.it/index.php/amq/article/view/367/327 Serva L., et al., 1986. Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 35, 893-907
------1980 IRPINIA EARTHQUAKE: Bollettinari G. and M. Panizza, 1981. Rend. Soc. Geol. Ital., 4, pp. 135-136 Carmignani L., et al., 1981. Rend. Soc. Geol. Ital., 4, pp. 451-465 Cinque A., et al., 1981. Rend. Soc. Geol. Ital., 4, pp. 127-129 Bousquet J. C., et al., 1983. Geol. Appl. ldrogeol., 18, pp. 427-435 Westaway R. and J. Jackson, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1038/312436a0 Pantosti D. and G. Valensise, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB10p15319 D'Addezio G., et al., 1991. https://amq.aiqua.it/index.php/amq/article/view/1264/1124 Pantosti D., et al., 1993. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB02277 Pantosti D. and G. Valensise, 1993. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4299 Blumetti A.M., et al., 2002. Studi Geologici Camerti, Numero Speciale "Large-scale vertical movements and related gravitational processes", pp. 7-18. Bello S., et al., 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.608063 Martinelli C., et al., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943878 Amoruso A., et al., 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02652.x Rovida A., et al., 2022. https://doi.org/10.13127/cpti/cpti15.4
------1997 UMBRIA-MARCHE EARTHQUAKE: Basili R., et al., 1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350323 Cello G., et al., 1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350324 Cinti F.R., et al., 1999. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900142 Cinti F.R., et al., 2000. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026575219394 Galli P., et al., 1997. https://amq.aiqua.it/index.php/amq/article/download/758/677 Tondi E., 1997. https://193.204.8.201:8080/jspui/handle/1336/160
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Description: <span style="font-weight:bold;">Observation type</span>: type of coseismic effect on the natural environment<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Trace type</span>: Observed/Inferred<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Average strike – deg</span>: orientation of the trace, in degrees (right-hand rule)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Kinematics</span>: opening, normal, reverse, left lateral, right lateral, normal/left lateral etc.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Downthrown side</span>: cardinal direction of the downthrown side of the rupture<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Trace length – m</span>: length of the trace (m)<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Compiler ranking</span>: rupture ranking assigned by the Compilers of the HSFIT Database. The ranking categories mostly follow the rationale defined in SURE 2.0 database by Nurminen, F., et al. (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01835-z, available at 10.5281/zenodo.7020265. Categories are 1 to 4: 1) principal fault ruptures, representing the surface expression of the fault responsible for the earthquake and including all the ruptures along faults that are connected to the principal fault at depth; 2) unpredictable distributed ruptures, ruptures also distant not necessarily connected to the principal fault; 3) triggered rupture along a pre-existing fault that is not directly connected to the principal fault, or along a shallow structure that is located within the coseismic deformation area; 4) ground shaking or shaking/gravity-induced rupture (category assigned in this Database). The ranking is blank when no straightforward interpretation is possible.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">References</span>: Source of the data<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Notes</span>: additional information on the observation point<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Trace ID</span>: rupture trace identifier<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author ranking</span>: rupture trace ranking assigned on the basis of the different Author’s interpretation. Categories are the same used for Compiler ranking. All the attributed ranking categories can be seen by clicking on “Show all” under the related table “Trace Author Ranking” at the bottom of the pop-up.
Copyright Text: ------1915 AVEZZANO EARTHQUAKE:
Blumetti A.M., et al., 1988. The ground effects of the Fucino earthquake, In book: "Historical seismicity of central-eastern mediterranean region", Proceedings of the 1987 ENEA-IAEA International Workshop, edited by Margottini C. & L. Serva, ENEA, Roma (297-320)
Galadini F. and P. Galli, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008149531980
Galadini F. and P. Galli, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00091-8
Galli P., et al., 2012. https://doi.10.4430/bgta0054
Galli P., et al., 2016. https://doi: 10.1111/ter.12202
Giraudi C., 1988. https://www.aiqua.it/index.php/the-journal/il-quaternario-1988-2011/volume-1-2/910-evoluzione-geologica-della-piana-del-fucino-abruzzo-negli-ultimi-30-000-anni?category_access=1
Messina P., 1996. https://www.aiqua.it/index.php/the-journal/il-quaternario-1988-2011/volume-9-1/666-tettonica-mesopleistocenica-dei-terrazzi-nord-orientali-del-fucino-italia-centrale
Michetti A.M., et al.,1996. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB02852
Oddone E., 1915. Gli elementi fisici del grande terremoto marsicano-fucense del 13 gennaio 1915, Boll. Soc. Sism. It., 79,71-275
Saroli M., et al., 2008. https://amq.aiqua.it/index.php/amq/article/view/367/327
Serva L., et al., 1986. Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 35, 893-907
------1980 IRPINIA EARTHQUAKE:
Bollettinari G. and M. Panizza, 1981. Rend. Soc. Geol. Ital., 4, pp. 135-136
Carmignani L., et al., 1981. Rend. Soc. Geol. Ital., 4, pp. 451-465
Cinque A., et al., 1981. Rend. Soc. Geol. Ital., 4, pp. 127-129
Bousquet J. C., et al., 1983. Geol. Appl. ldrogeol., 18, pp. 427-435
Westaway R. and J. Jackson, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1038/312436a0
Pantosti D. and G. Valensise, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB10p15319
D'Addezio G., et al., 1991. https://amq.aiqua.it/index.php/amq/article/view/1264/1124
Pantosti D., et al., 1993. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB02277
Pantosti D. and G. Valensise, 1993. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4299
Blumetti A.M., et al., 2002. Studi Geologici Camerti, Numero Speciale "Large-scale vertical movements and related gravitational processes", pp. 7-18.
Bello S., et al., 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.608063
Martinelli C., et al., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943878
Amoruso A., et al., 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02652.x
Rovida A., et al., 2022. https://doi.org/10.13127/cpti/cpti15.4
------1997 UMBRIA-MARCHE EARTHQUAKE:
Basili R., et al., 1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350323
Cello G., et al., 1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350324
Cinti F.R., et al., 1999. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900142
Cinti F.R., et al., 2000. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026575219394
Galli P., et al., 1997. https://amq.aiqua.it/index.php/amq/article/download/758/677
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Description: <div><span style="font-weight:bold;">Observation type</span>: prevalent type of coseismic effect on the natural environment within the zone<br /></div><div><span style="font-weight:bold;">Zone description</span>: general information on the zone </div><span style="font-weight:bold;">Zone ID</span>: identification number of the zone
Copyright Text: Cinti F.R., Pantosti D., Ollé M., Martinelli C., Blumetti A.M., Civico R., Guerrieri L. (2024). Database of Historical Surface Faulting earthquakes of ITaly (HSFIT). doi:10.13127/sfit/hsfit-2024
Description: The
ranking categories assigned to the traces mostly follow the rationale defined in SURE 2.0
database by Nurminen, F., et al. (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01835-z, available at
10.5281/zenodo.7020265. Categories are 1 to 4: 1) principal fault
ruptures, representing the surface expression of the fault responsible
for the earthquake and including all the ruptures along faults that are
connected to the principal fault at depth; 2) unpredictable distributed
ruptures, ruptures also distant not necessarily connected to the
principal fault; 3) triggered rupture along a pre-existing fault that is
not directly connected to the principal fault; 4) ground shaking or
shaking/gravity-induced rupture (category assigned in this Database).