Name: Language Family (Kroeber 1925)

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Description: Almost 90 of the 300 indigenous languages spoken in North America were in California, making the state a very complex, linguistically diverse area. Researchers have attempted to delineate contact-period Native California linguistic and tribal boundaries using oral history, ethnographic records, place-names, linguistics, population density, geography, Spanish and mission archives, and archaeology. Kroeber’s work is based on 17 years of research and conversations with early 20th-century Native Californians. Kroeber noted that “exact delineation of…ethnographic provinces is almost invariably an artificial and unprofitable endeavor (1925:6). It is the foci that can be tolerably determined, not the limits.” He presented “the customs of…50 little nations” as a compromise between detailing all the many variations or lumping larger regions (Kroeber 1925:vi). Kroeber (1936:Map 1) later slightly adjusted his culture classifications. Additional Details about these Native California Ethno-Linguistic Areas can be found at the following web site: https://roadmaptoresearch.dot.ca.gov/about-map-layers.html.

Copyright Text: Original citation: Kroeber, Alfred Louis. "Ethnographic Map of California Native Peoples" (map) from Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, 1925.

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Last Edit Date: 2/19/2025 10:44:21 PM

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