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Trail data are used for many purposes including planning and management, mapping and condition assessment, routing and navigation, public information, emergency response, and research. A current, accurate representation of park trails is needed for national reporting and a variety of mapping requirements at all levels of the National Park Service and the general public. A National-level dataset allows the NPS to communicate a consistent and high-quality trails database to NPS staff, partners, visitors, and entities that produce maps and location-based services of park units. The collection, storage, and management of trail-related data are important components of everyday business activities in many Federal and State land-managing agencies, trail organizations, and businesses. From a management perspective, trail data must often mesh closely with other types of infrastructure, resource, and facility enterprise data. For the public using paper maps, the internet, GPS or other instrumentation, standard data formats enable users to consistently and predictably identify specific trails and a core set of corresponding information. Today, digital trail data are a necessity throughout a trail data management life-cycle, from trail planning through design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Automating, sharing, and leveraging trail data through this widely accepted standard can provide a variety of important benefits: Efficiency - creating and gathering trail data that are standardized and readily usable. Compatibility - compiling data from one project or discipline that can be compatible with other applications; Consistency - using the same standards, meshing data produced by one organization with that developed by another; Speed - hastening the availability of data through a reduction in duplicative efforts and lowered production costs (Applications can be developed more quickly and with more interoperability by using existing standards-compliant data); Conflict resolution - resolving conflicting trail data more easily if compliant to the same standards; Reliability - improving the quality of shared trail data by increasing the number of individuals who find and correct errors; and Reusability - allow maximum reuse across agencies and support objectives of EGovernment (E-Gov) initiatives and enterprise architecture.
The TIGER/Line Files are shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) that are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line File is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. Primary roads are generally divided, limited-access highways within the interstate highway system or under State management, and are distinguished by the presence of interchanges. These highways are accessible by ramps and may include some toll highways. The MAF/TIGER Feature Classification Code (MTFCC) is S1100 for primary roads. Secondary roads are main arteries, usually in the U.S. Highway, State Highway, and/or County Highway system. These roads have one or more lanes of traffic in each direction, may or may not be divided, and usually have at-grade intersections with many other roads and driveways. They usually have both a local name and a route number. The MAF/TIGER Feature Classification Code (MTFCC) is S1200 for secondary roads.