Service Description: These data were developed for an analysis of the extent to which coastal habitats in the New Zealand Territorial Sea are currently (2010) represented in areas that meet the New Zealand Marine Protected Area Protection Standard.

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• MPA Policy Habitats of the Territorial Sea (0)

Description: In order to map marine habitats consistently across all bioregions, Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets were sourced, where possible, that extended across all of the New Zealand Territorial Sea. The intent was to avoid bias in the representation of habitats associated with differences in the extent and detail of surveys in different regions. The disadvantage of this approach, however, is that the more detailed surveys available or underway in some regions (Neale et al. 2007, WCMPF 2010, Benn 2009; Kettles & Hughes 2009; Kerr 2010, Morrison et al. 2010) are not included in this broad scale analysis. These surveys should be included in more detailed regional assessments. The extent of habitat mapping was mainly defined by the Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) coastline, the LINZ boundary (2004) to the New Zealand Territorial Sea (within 12 nautical miles of the coast and islands), estuaries from the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) New Zealand Estuary Environment Classification (Hume 2007) and bioregions defined in the Marine Protected Areas Policy and Implementation Plan (Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries 2005).Within these bioregions, spatial data layers for depth, substrata and exposure were overlaid in ArcGIS to approximate the habitat categories described in the Coastal Classification and Mapping Scheme (Appendix 1, Ministry of Fisheries and Department of Conservation 2008). In some cases, categories were modified according to what data were available and to provide consistent, justifiable, readily interpreted habitat descriptions that adequately reflect major patterns in marine environments. The data sources and habitat categories that were used are described in the report: Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries(2012)."Coastal marine habitats and marine protected areas in the New Zealand Territorial Sea: a broad scale gap analysis. Wellington, New Zealand. More detailed descriptions of source data within the New Zealand Territorial Sea are described in separate coverages for NZ marine bioregions; NZ depth, NZ substrata and NZ exposure. The GIS datasets were combined using the unioncommand in ArcGIS and ArcINFO 9.3. This command overlays and dissects the intersections between overlapping areas from different datasets. The function creates polygon features attributed with fields of variables from each of the source data sets. These fields were used to create composite categories derived from combinations of the different levels in the depth, substrata and exposure fields. The ArcGIS ‘eliminate’ command was used to minimise the large numbers of elongate ‘sliver polygons’ resulting from overlaying disparate datasets. Slivers less than 1 hectare in area were dissolved into the adjacent polygon with the longest joint boundary.Because of the number of small slivers and extent of the data set, boundaries between habitats classes were sometimes generalised resulting in small departures (usually

Copyright Text: We acknowledge the contributions of data and advice from many sources including: the Ministry of Fisheries Spatial Information Management Team; the Marine Conservation Team and Marine Technical Support Officers from the Department of Conservation; Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) for topographic databases; the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) for bathymetry and other data; S. Bardsley, S. Nodder, M. Kemp, and A. Goh for the New Zealand Combined Ocean Sediments data set; Terry Hume (NIWA, for the New Zealand Estuary Environment Classification; Richard Gorman (NIWA) for access to data from wave exposure models; Chris Wild and Clinton Duffy (DOC) for data on near shore reefs; B. Robertson and L. Stevens (Wriggle Coastal Management) for data on estuarine vegetation; S. Byers and K. Sivaguru (DOC) and the scientists they interviewed for data on biogenic habitats; reviewers for comments on drafts; and the many scientists who have so far provided data for this and related projects. Data editing, mapping and spatial analysisby D Breen 2012.

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